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Grade F- Variant: Rare Marker Used Below F on Some Scales

Grade F- is a rare variant used at a small number of US schools, typically marking academic-integrity violations or the lowest possible recorded grade beyond a normal F.

Letter grade F-
Academic standing Atypical

Grade F- isn't part of the standard US grading scale. F- is a rare variant. It typically carries a 0.0 GPA value identical to F, but the transcript notation flags an unusual circumstance such as plagiarism or a zero submission. F- is not part of the standard US grading scale. A small number of institutions use it as a punitive marker for academic-integrity violations or for assignments scored below the normal F floor.

How Grade F- Compares to Adjacent Letters

The plus and minus modifiers split each letter tier into three sub-bands worth 0.3 GPA points each. The table below shows how grade F- sits relative to the letter directly above and below on the standard scale, with percentage range and 4.0 GPA value for each.

Letter Percentage 4.0 GPA Standing
F Below 60% 0.0 Failing
F- n/a n/a Atypical

Where F- Appears in US Grading and How It Differs from F

F- is not part of the standard A-through-F US grading scale. The schools that use it typically reserve the letter for academic-integrity violations such as plagiarism, cheating, or repeated misconduct, where the transcript notation flags the unusual circumstance. The GPA value is usually the same as a regular F (0.0), but the letter on the transcript signals that the course outcome involved more than ordinary academic failure.

A second, much rarer use of F- appears at institutions that use sub-letter modifiers below the standard F floor for exceptionally low scores in the same way A+ extends above A. This usage is uncommon and almost always institution-specific. If you see F- on a transcript, confirm the institution's grading policy before assuming it behaves identically to a standard F.

Browse All Letter Grades on the US Scale

The US grading scale has 13 standard letters from A+ to F, plus two special variants (E historical, F- atypical). Use the chips below to jump to any letter's reference page, or see the full grading scale for all letters in one comparison table.

Last verified: 2026-05-09. Sources: AACRAO transcript standards, NCES grade-distribution data, and the Mount Holyoke College historical record of the 1887 letter-grade adoption. Always verify the specific cutoff and GPA value with your school's registrar; institutional grading policies vary.

Frequently asked questions

What is F- grade and how does it differ from F?
F- is a rare grading variant used at a small number of US institutions, typically as a punitive marker for academic-integrity violations or for the lowest possible recorded score below the normal F threshold. It usually carries the same 0.0 GPA value as F, but the transcript notation flags an unusual circumstance. The standard US grading scale does not include F- as a regular letter; verify your institution's policy before assuming F- and F behave identically.
Do US schools commonly use F- as a grade?
No. F- is not part of the standard US grading scale. The minority of institutions that use F- typically reserve it for academic-integrity violations such as plagiarism or cheating, where the transcript notation flags the unusual circumstance even though the GPA value is the same as a regular F. The standard failing letter on US transcripts is F; if you see F- on a transcript, the registrar's grading policy explains the institution-specific use.